The course include the 20th century architecture in Europe and in the United States of America, highlighting the different modern tendencies: the one linked to the avant-gardes but also the one established from the intersection of relationships between regional traditions and new languages. Besides, dwelling and urban reforming policies and the importance of the reinforced concrete establishing will be analysed. The course also deals with the Modern Movement crisis and outlines the themes of the beginning of the last century decade.
Canali
scheda docente
materiale didattico
R. Middleton, D. Watkin, Architettura dell’Ottocento, Milano 1977
N. Pevsner, J. Fleming, H. Honour, Dizionario di architettura, Torino 1981 (1966)
H. Sedlmayr, Perdita del centro: le arti figurative del diciannovesimo e ventesimo secolo come sintomo e simbolo di un'epoca, Torino 1967 (1947)
Programma
This course aims at providing a critical approach towards the “changing ideals” of contemporary architecture, starting from the opposing forces of the notions of classical and modern during the Age of Enlightenment. Through descriptions of different historical and geographical contexts, a selected series of masterworks from XIX to XX Century will be discussed in terms of form, structure, functions, specifically considering how they have contributed to past and contemporary architectural debate. This path will include the "architecture parlante" by C.-N. Ledoux up to Le Corbusier, the Arts and Craft Movement and the organic approach by Frank Lloyd Wright, from the British 2ndPost-war Neoavant-gardes to the Dutch architecture of diagrams in the 1990's.Testi Adottati
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)R. Middleton, D. Watkin, Architettura dell’Ottocento, Milano 1977
N. Pevsner, J. Fleming, H. Honour, Dizionario di architettura, Torino 1981 (1966)
H. Sedlmayr, Perdita del centro: le arti figurative del diciannovesimo e ventesimo secolo come sintomo e simbolo di un'epoca, Torino 1967 (1947)
Bibliografia Di Riferimento
L. Mumford, Architettura e cultura in America. Dalla guerra civile all’ultima frontiera, a c.d. F. Dal Co, Padova 1977 (1931) E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933) H. Focillon, Vita delle forme, Torino 1987 (1934) N. Pevsner, I pionieri dell’architettura moderna, 1983 (1936) P. Burger, Teoria dell’avanguardia, Torino 1990 (1974) P. R. Banham, Le tentazioni dell'architettura: Megastrutture, Roma 1980 (1976) P. R. Banham, Le tentazioni dell'architettura: Megastrutture, Roma 1980 (1976) C. E. Schorske, Vienna fin de siècle: politica e cultura, Milano 1981 (1980) M. Tafuri, La sfera e il labirinto, Torino 1980 F. Jameson, Il postmoderno o la logica culturale del tardo capitalismo, Milano 1989 (1984) M. Baxandall, Forme dell’intenzione, Torino 2000 (1985)Modalità Frequenza
Students must attend at the least the 75% of lessons to be admitted to the final exam.Modalità Valutazione
The final exam is individual and oral on the Bibliography (General and Specific) and it is required the reading of one essay picked from the list provided (SAGGI/Essays). Every student is asked to elaborate sketches and freehand diagrams - best in plan - inspired by the architectures discussed during the course. All the drawings must be collected in an individual sketchbook or “Taccuino”, which testifies to the attendance of the student and will be evaluated at the end of the course. ORAL EXAMINATION (70%): the examination covers the bibliography assigned and the program covered during the course. For students who have taken the seminar, the paper counts 20% of the oral examination. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION (10%): for students who participate in the seminar with papers, questions and interventions, there is a 10% credit on the final grade. TACCUINO/Sketchbook (20%): Each student is required to submit a notebook of sketches and analytical drawings made with free technique, the result of a reasoned selection from among the architectures discussed or cited in the lecture, for the examination. The selection must include at least 20 subjects and give preference to drawings that make it possible to reason about the insertion in the context (orientation of the overlooks, ground layout, etc.), the internal distribution (plan), the elevation of the building (section), indicating for each architecture SUBJECT, PLACE, AUTHOR and YEAR.
scheda docente
materiale didattico
Within a structured chronological framework, there will be some thematic and seminar-based lessons, which may also be approached from a diachronic perspective. The lectures ex-cathedra will be complemented by on-site lectures.
E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
N. Pevsner, I pionieri dell’architettura moderna, 1983 (1936)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Della Piana, G. Montanari, Una storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Utet, Torino 2023
K. Frampton, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Zanichelli, Bologna 2022
To attend the exam, students will need to prepare two assignments:
1. a sketchbook of drawings (minimum 20 graphical works). The format and technique of the drawings are at the student’s choice.
2. the individual exercise “ArchiLetture.” This exercise involves reading a book selected by the student from a list provided at the beginning of the course. The choice of the text must be agreed upon in advance with the instructors. After selecting the book, the student will prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which they will illustrate the main themes covered in the text, supporting the discussion with a selection of meaningful images. The presentation (10 minutes) should be clear and effective, conveying the content of the book in a concise yet comprehensive manner. The ArchiLetture exercise aims to develop students’ critical analysis, synthesis, and visual communication skills, which will be evaluated during the oral interview. The specific guidelines and processing methods will be provided at the beginning of the course to ensure consistency and quality in the final work. Failure to submit one or both assignments will prevent students from taking the exam.
Criteria for grading distribution
Oral exam: 70%
Sketchbook: 20%
ArchiLetture: 10%
Students with disabilities or students with SLD (Specific Learning Disorders)
Students with disabilities or with SLD, registered with the Center for Services for Disabled Students and Students with SLD, can contact the instructor and the Department’s disability/SLD coordinator directly to agree on the methods for conducting intermediate assessments, exams, and the use of compensatory tools provided by current regulations and the University’s specific guidelines.
Programma
The course aims to provide students with a critical and in-depth understanding of the evolution of contemporary architecture, following a chronological path from the French Revolution to the years immediately following World War II. The lectures include an analysis of the most significant works and an in-depth study of the professional biographies of the key figures in the history of 19th and 20th-century architecture, to highlight both the continuities with the past and the processes of formal, technical, and theoretical innovation.Within a structured chronological framework, there will be some thematic and seminar-based lessons, which may also be approached from a diachronic perspective. The lectures ex-cathedra will be complemented by on-site lectures.
Testi Adottati
E. Kaufmann, Tre architetti rivoluzionari: Boullee–Ledoux–Lequeu, introduzione di G. Teyssot, Franco Angeli, Milano 1993E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
N. Pevsner, I pionieri dell’architettura moderna, 1983 (1936)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Della Piana, G. Montanari, Una storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Utet, Torino 2023
K. Frampton, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Zanichelli, Bologna 2022
Bibliografia Di Riferimento
Further references will be provided during the course.Modalità Frequenza
Attendance is compulsory, for a minimum of 75% of the lessons, both for the frontal teaching activities and for the seminar activities.Modalità Valutazione
The evaluation will take place during an oral exam, during which the knowledge of the program and bibliography will be assessed. The final grade will also take into account active participation in lectures and seminars.To attend the exam, students will need to prepare two assignments:
1. a sketchbook of drawings (minimum 20 graphical works). The format and technique of the drawings are at the student’s choice.
2. the individual exercise “ArchiLetture.” This exercise involves reading a book selected by the student from a list provided at the beginning of the course. The choice of the text must be agreed upon in advance with the instructors. After selecting the book, the student will prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which they will illustrate the main themes covered in the text, supporting the discussion with a selection of meaningful images. The presentation (10 minutes) should be clear and effective, conveying the content of the book in a concise yet comprehensive manner. The ArchiLetture exercise aims to develop students’ critical analysis, synthesis, and visual communication skills, which will be evaluated during the oral interview. The specific guidelines and processing methods will be provided at the beginning of the course to ensure consistency and quality in the final work. Failure to submit one or both assignments will prevent students from taking the exam.
Criteria for grading distribution
Oral exam: 70%
Sketchbook: 20%
ArchiLetture: 10%
Students with disabilities or students with SLD (Specific Learning Disorders)
Students with disabilities or with SLD, registered with the Center for Services for Disabled Students and Students with SLD, can contact the instructor and the Department’s disability/SLD coordinator directly to agree on the methods for conducting intermediate assessments, exams, and the use of compensatory tools provided by current regulations and the University’s specific guidelines.
scheda docente
materiale didattico
The lessons include the analysis of the most significant works and the in-depth study of the professional biography of the protagonists of the history of architecture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with the aim of highlighting both the relationships of continuity with the past and the processes of formal, technical and theoretical innovation.
Within a course structure organised according to a chronological framework, several thematic and seminar-style lessons will be included, which may also be approached from a diachronic perspective. Traditional lectures will be complemented by educational field trips.
Introduction| Revolutionary Architects Part I: Ledoux| Revolutionary Architects Part II: Boullèe and Lequeu| Napoleonic Paris: Percier and Fontaine. Projects, history, theories| John Soane: Pitzhanger Manor - Lincoln’s Inn Fields - Bank of England| Testaccio’s Ex Mattatoio| Thomas Jefferson: Monticello, President’s House - University of Virginia| Karl Friedrich Schinkel: projects for Berlin| Leo von Klenze: Projects for Munich| Historicist eclecticism: Jakob Ignaz Hittorff. Gare du Nord| Jean-Louis-Charles Garnier. Paris Opéra| Birth of Urbanism I: John Nash and Humphrey Repton: Regent Street and Regent's Park, London| The Vienna Ring| Ildefons Cerdà and the plan for the expansion of Barcellona| Birth of Urban Planning II: the Haussmann Plan for Paris and the Parks by Adolphe Alphand| Plans and projects for Rome capital: 1870-1925| Viollet-le-Duc in France| Henri Labrouste: Libraries| Pugin and Ruskin in England| Gottfried Semper| The Grand Tour and the architects' travels: history and archaeology| The Universal Exhibitions of London (1851), Paris (1889). Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace| Gustave Eiffel. Garabit Viaduct – Eiffel Tower| Ebenezer Howard: Garden City| William Morris: Arts and Crafts movement| Philip Webb: Red House| The Chicago School. Louis Sullivan e Dankmar Adler: Auditorium Building; Guaranty Building - The Carson - Pirie and Scott Department Stores| Daniel Hudson Burnham e John Wellborn Root: Reliance Building| Art Nouveau I: Victor Hortà, Henry van de Velde, Hector Guimard| Art Nouveau II: Antoni Gaudí – Charles Rennie Mackintosh and The Four| Art & Architecture| Otto Wagner, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann between Vienna and Europe| Design culture and production technologies in the Viennese environment: the Wiener Werkstätte| Adolf Loos main projects and works, some themes from Ins Leere gesprochen/Spoken into the Void| Italian architecture of the early twentieth century, between Art Nouveau and Futurism, protagonists and significant works. Turin, Milan, Rome and Naples| Frank Lloyd Wright from his beginnings with Adler and Sullivan to the Berlin exhibition of 1910| Tony Garnier from the Cité industrielle project to the Grand Travaux in Lyon| Auguste Perret between the legacy of French rationalism and experimentation with new technologies: the béton armé. Education, beginnings, main works| Dutch architectural culture. Berlage and the Amsterdam School| The group «De Stijl»: Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, J.J. Pieter Oud| Soviet culture. The constructivist movement between graphics, propaganda and realization. Vladimir Tatlin, El Lissitzky, Konstantin Melnikov. Competition for the Palace of Soviets| The renewal in the teaching of applied arts in Germany. Design culture and production technologies from the Deutsche Werkstätten to the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. The foundation of the Deutscher Werkbund. The role and activity of Peter Behrens, relations with the AEG and main works| The Cologne Exhibition of the Deutscher Werkbund of 1914. Expressionism in German architectural culture. The activity of Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn and Hans Scharoun. The architectural culture of the countries of Northern Europe. The Scandinavian School: Eliel Saarinen and Gunnar Asplund| Walter Gropius: biographical and historiographical profile, training and pre-war beginnings. Teaching activity in the Bauhaus between Weimar and Dessau. Walter Gropius: the Siedlungen. Theoretical and design commitment. Competitions and projects between the twenties and thirties. Activity in USA| Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, between history and historiography. Training, beginnings, projects and works. Teaching activity in the Bauhaus between Weimar and Dessau. Influence on architectural culture after World War II| Le Corbusier. Training, travels and professional debuts. Main projects and works of the twenties and thirties. Post-World War I: From «Esprit Nouveau» to Vers une architecture/Towards a New Architecture| The competition for the Palace of Nations at Geneva. The CIAM. Le Corbusier's urban planning| Architecture in Italy in the twenties and thirties. Turin, Milan, Rome and Naples| Le Corbusier the fifties and early sixties: from Ronchamp to La Tourette, to Chandigarh| Frank Lloyd Wright projects and main works from the twenties to the Guggenheim Museum| Profile of Alvar Aalto, between Finland, Europe and the USA: projects and main works| In the footsteps of Louis Kahn, from his formative experiences to the great projects of the sixties and seventies.
E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
N. Pevsner, I pionieri dell’architettura moderna, 1983 (1936)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Della Piana, G. Montanari, Una storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Utet, Torino 2023
K. Frampton, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Zanichelli, Bologna 2022
Programma
The course aims to provide students with a critical and in-depth knowledge of the evolution of contemporary architecture, following a chronological path between the French Revolution and the years immediately following the Second World War.The lessons include the analysis of the most significant works and the in-depth study of the professional biography of the protagonists of the history of architecture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with the aim of highlighting both the relationships of continuity with the past and the processes of formal, technical and theoretical innovation.
Within a course structure organised according to a chronological framework, several thematic and seminar-style lessons will be included, which may also be approached from a diachronic perspective. Traditional lectures will be complemented by educational field trips.
Introduction| Revolutionary Architects Part I: Ledoux| Revolutionary Architects Part II: Boullèe and Lequeu| Napoleonic Paris: Percier and Fontaine. Projects, history, theories| John Soane: Pitzhanger Manor - Lincoln’s Inn Fields - Bank of England| Testaccio’s Ex Mattatoio| Thomas Jefferson: Monticello, President’s House - University of Virginia| Karl Friedrich Schinkel: projects for Berlin| Leo von Klenze: Projects for Munich| Historicist eclecticism: Jakob Ignaz Hittorff. Gare du Nord| Jean-Louis-Charles Garnier. Paris Opéra| Birth of Urbanism I: John Nash and Humphrey Repton: Regent Street and Regent's Park, London| The Vienna Ring| Ildefons Cerdà and the plan for the expansion of Barcellona| Birth of Urban Planning II: the Haussmann Plan for Paris and the Parks by Adolphe Alphand| Plans and projects for Rome capital: 1870-1925| Viollet-le-Duc in France| Henri Labrouste: Libraries| Pugin and Ruskin in England| Gottfried Semper| The Grand Tour and the architects' travels: history and archaeology| The Universal Exhibitions of London (1851), Paris (1889). Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace| Gustave Eiffel. Garabit Viaduct – Eiffel Tower| Ebenezer Howard: Garden City| William Morris: Arts and Crafts movement| Philip Webb: Red House| The Chicago School. Louis Sullivan e Dankmar Adler: Auditorium Building; Guaranty Building - The Carson - Pirie and Scott Department Stores| Daniel Hudson Burnham e John Wellborn Root: Reliance Building| Art Nouveau I: Victor Hortà, Henry van de Velde, Hector Guimard| Art Nouveau II: Antoni Gaudí – Charles Rennie Mackintosh and The Four| Art & Architecture| Otto Wagner, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann between Vienna and Europe| Design culture and production technologies in the Viennese environment: the Wiener Werkstätte| Adolf Loos main projects and works, some themes from Ins Leere gesprochen/Spoken into the Void| Italian architecture of the early twentieth century, between Art Nouveau and Futurism, protagonists and significant works. Turin, Milan, Rome and Naples| Frank Lloyd Wright from his beginnings with Adler and Sullivan to the Berlin exhibition of 1910| Tony Garnier from the Cité industrielle project to the Grand Travaux in Lyon| Auguste Perret between the legacy of French rationalism and experimentation with new technologies: the béton armé. Education, beginnings, main works| Dutch architectural culture. Berlage and the Amsterdam School| The group «De Stijl»: Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, J.J. Pieter Oud| Soviet culture. The constructivist movement between graphics, propaganda and realization. Vladimir Tatlin, El Lissitzky, Konstantin Melnikov. Competition for the Palace of Soviets| The renewal in the teaching of applied arts in Germany. Design culture and production technologies from the Deutsche Werkstätten to the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. The foundation of the Deutscher Werkbund. The role and activity of Peter Behrens, relations with the AEG and main works| The Cologne Exhibition of the Deutscher Werkbund of 1914. Expressionism in German architectural culture. The activity of Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn and Hans Scharoun. The architectural culture of the countries of Northern Europe. The Scandinavian School: Eliel Saarinen and Gunnar Asplund| Walter Gropius: biographical and historiographical profile, training and pre-war beginnings. Teaching activity in the Bauhaus between Weimar and Dessau. Walter Gropius: the Siedlungen. Theoretical and design commitment. Competitions and projects between the twenties and thirties. Activity in USA| Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, between history and historiography. Training, beginnings, projects and works. Teaching activity in the Bauhaus between Weimar and Dessau. Influence on architectural culture after World War II| Le Corbusier. Training, travels and professional debuts. Main projects and works of the twenties and thirties. Post-World War I: From «Esprit Nouveau» to Vers une architecture/Towards a New Architecture| The competition for the Palace of Nations at Geneva. The CIAM. Le Corbusier's urban planning| Architecture in Italy in the twenties and thirties. Turin, Milan, Rome and Naples| Le Corbusier the fifties and early sixties: from Ronchamp to La Tourette, to Chandigarh| Frank Lloyd Wright projects and main works from the twenties to the Guggenheim Museum| Profile of Alvar Aalto, between Finland, Europe and the USA: projects and main works| In the footsteps of Louis Kahn, from his formative experiences to the great projects of the sixties and seventies.
Testi Adottati
E. Kaufmann, Tre architetti rivoluzionari: Boullee–Ledoux–Lequeu, introduzione di G. Teyssot, Franco Angeli, Milano 1993E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
N. Pevsner, I pionieri dell’architettura moderna, 1983 (1936)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Della Piana, G. Montanari, Una storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Utet, Torino 2023
K. Frampton, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Zanichelli, Bologna 2022
Modalità Frequenza
Attendance is mandatory, for a minimum of 75% of lessons, both for classroom teaching activities and seminar activities, as established by the teaching regulations.Modalità Valutazione
The evaluation will consist of an oral exam at the end of the course, during which knowledge of the program and bibliography will be verified. To take the exam, students must prepare two papers: 1. a notebook of drawings (twenty). The format and technique of the drawing are chosen by the student. 2. the individual exercise “ArchiLetture”. The exercise consists of reading a book selected by the student from a list provided at the beginning of the course. The choice of text must be previously agreed on with the teachers. The aim of the exercise is to delve into a relevant topic in the panorama of contemporary architecture through the reading of a canonical source for the discipline. After choosing the book, the student will prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which they will illustrate the main themes covered in the text, supporting the discussion with a selection of significant images. The presentation (lasting 10 minutes) must be clear and effective, to communicate the contents of the book in a synthetic but exhaustive way. The exercise aims to develop the students' critical analysis, synthesis and visual communication skills, which will be assessed during the oral exam. The processing methods and specific guidelines will be provided at the beginning of the course, to ensure uniformity and quality in the final work. Failure to deliver one or both papers will not allow the student to take the exam. Grade distribution criteria Oral exam: 70% Notebook: 20% ArchHiLetturE: 10% Students with disabilities or SLD students Students with disabilities or with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), accredited at the Service Center for disabled students and students with SLD, can contact the teacher and the Department contact person for disability/SLD directly, to agree on the methods of carrying out intermediate tests, exams and the use of compensatory tools provided for by current legislation and the specific University Guidelines.